[XRay][compiler-rt] Implement logging implementation registration

Summary:
This change allows for registration of multiple logging implementations
through a central mechanism in XRay, mapping an implementation to a
"mode". Modes are strings that are used as keys to determine which
implementation to install through a single API. This mechanism allows
users to choose which implementation to install either from the
environment variable 'XRAY_OPTIONS' with the `xray_mode=` flag, or
programmatically using the `__xray_select_mode(...)` function.

Here, we introduce two API functions for the XRay logging:

__xray_log_register_mode(Mode, Impl): Associates an XRayLogImpl to a
string Mode. We can only have one implementation associated with a given
Mode.

__xray_log_select_mode(Mode): Finds the associated Impl for Mode and
installs it as if by calling `__xray_set_log_impl(...)`.

Along with these changes, we also deprecate the xray_naive_log and
xray_fdr_log flags and encourage users to instead use the xray_mode
flag.

Reviewers: kpw, dblaikie, eizan, pelikan

Subscribers: llvm-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D40703

llvm-svn: 319759