[dfsan] Record dfsan metadata in globals

This will allow identifying exactly how many shadow bytes were used
during compilation, for when fast8 mode is introduced.

Also, it will provide a consistent matching point for instrumentation
tests so that the exact llvm type used (i8 or i16) for the shadow can
be replaced by a pattern substitution. This is handy for tests with
multiple prefixes.

Reviewed by: stephan.yichao.zhao, morehouse

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D97409