[AMDGPU] Use SIInstrFlags for flat variants. NFC

Use SIInstrFlags to differentiate between the different
variants of flat instructions (flat, global and scratch).
This should make it easier to bundle the immediate offset logic in a
single place and implement restrictions and bug workarounds.

Fixed version of D99587, which does not rely on the address space.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D99743