Revert "Revert "ADT: Fix reference invalidation in SmallVector...""

This reverts commit 33be50da,
effectively reapplying:

- 260a856c
- 3043e5a5
- 49142991

... with a fix to skip a call to `SmallVector::isReferenceToStorage()`
when we know the parameter had been taken by value for small, POD-like
`T`. See https://reviews.llvm.org/D93779 for the discussion on the
revert.

At a high-level, these commits fix reference invalidation in
SmallVector's push_back, append, insert (one or N), and resize
operations. For more details, please see the original commit messages.

This commit fixes a bug that crept into
`SmallVectorTemplateCommon::reserveForAndGetAddress()` during the review
process after performance analysis was done. That function is now called
`reserveForParamAndGetAddress()`, clarifying that it only works for
parameter values. It uses that knowledge to bypass
`SmallVector::isReferenceToStorage()` when `TakesParamByValue`. This is
`constexpr` and avoids adding overhead for "small enough", trivially
copyable `T`.

Performance could potentially be tuned further by increasing the
threshold for `TakesParamByValue`, which is currently defined as:
```
bool TakesParamByValue = sizeof(T) <= 2 * sizeof(void *);
```
in the POD-like version of SmallVectorTemplateBase (else, `false`).

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D94800