[BasicAA] Fix caching in the presence of phi cycles

Any time we insert a block into VisitedPhiBBs, previously cached
values may no longer be valid for the recursive alias queries. As
such, perform them using an empty AAQueryInfo.

Note that if we recurse to the same phi, the block will already
be inserted, so we reuse the old AAQueryInfo, and thus still
protect against infinite recursion.

This problem can appear with with an without BatchAA, but is more
likely to occur with BatchAA, as more values are cached.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D90066