[WPD] Add an optional checking mode for debugging devirtualization

This adds an internal option -wholeprogramdevirt-check which if enabled
will guard each devirtualization with a runtime check against the
expected target, and an invocation of a debug trap if the check fails.
This is useful for debugging WPD failures involving undefined behavior
(e.g. casting to another class type not in the inheritance chain).

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D95969