[clang-format] Fix BreakBeforeBinaryOperators with TemplateCloser on the lhs

In the presence of pp branches we parse the token stream multiple times.
Thus the token already has the type set. It's best just not to assert on
any type in the parser.

Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/54019

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D120621