[IR] Module's NamedMD table needn't be 'void *'

Summary:
In July 21 2010 `llvm::NamedMDNode` was refactored such that it would no
longer subclass `llvm::Value`:
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/2637cc1a38d7336ea30caf

As part of this change, a map type from metadata names to their named
metadata, `llvm::MDSymbolTable`, was deleted. In its place, the type
of member `llvm::Module::NamedMDSymTab` was changed, from
`llvm::MDSymbolTable` to `void *`. The underlying memory allocations
for this pointer were changed to `new StringMap<NamedMDNode *>()`.

However, as far as I can tell, there's no need for obscuring the
underlying type being pointed to by the `void *`, and no need for
static casts from `void *` to `StringMap`. In fact, I don't think
there's a need for explicit calls to `new` and `delete` at all.

This commit changes `NamedMDSymTab` from a pointer to a reference, which
automatically couples its lifetime with the lifetime of its owning
`llvm::Module` instance, thus removing the explicit calls to `new` and
`delete` in the `llvm::Module` constructor and destructor. It also
changes the type from `void *` to a newly defined `NamedMDSymTabType`,
and removes the static casts.

Test Plan:
An ASAN-enabled build and run of `check-all` succeeds with this change
(aside from some tests that always fail for me in ASAN for some reason,
such as `check-clang` `SemaTemplate/stack-exhaustion.cpp`).

Reviewers: aprantl, dblaikie, chandlerc, pcc, echristo

Reviewed By: dblaikie

Subscribers: hiraditya, llvm-commits

Tags: #llvm

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D72812