[Sanitizers] Check alignment != 0 for aligned_alloc and posix_memalign

Summary:
Move the corresponding tests to the common folder (as all of the
sanitizer allocators will support this feature soon) and add the checks
specific to aligned_alloc to ASan and LSan allocators.

Reviewers: vitalybuka

Subscribers: srhines, kubamracek, delcypher, #sanitizers, llvm-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D47924

llvm-svn: 334316