[memprof] Symbolize and cache stack frames.

Currently, symbolization of stack frames occurs on demand when the instrprof writer
iterates over all the records in the raw memprof reader. With this
change we symbolize and cache the frames immediately after reading the
raw profiles. For a large internal binary this results in a runtime
reduction of ~50% (2m -> 48s) when merging a memprof raw profile with a
raw instr profile to generate an indexed profile. This change also makes
it simpler in the future to generate additional calling context
metadata to attach to each memprof record.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D120430