[InstCombine] Optimize shl+lshr+and conversion pattern

if `C1` and `C3` are pow2 and `Log2(C3)+C2 < BitWidth`:
    ((C1 << X) >> C2) & C3 -> X == (Log2(C3)+C2-Log2(C1)) ? C3 : 0;

https://alive2.llvm.org/ce/z/Pus5bd

Fix issue https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/55739

Reviewed By: spatel

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D126617