[LVI][CVP] Add support for urem, srem and sdiv

The underlying ConstantRange functionality has been added in D60952,
D61207 and D61238, this just exposes it for LVI.

I'm switching the code from using a whitelist to a blacklist, as
we're down to one unsupported operation here (xor) and writing it
this way seems more obvious :)

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D62822

llvm-svn: 362519