[libc] Add special handling for CUDA PTX features

The NVIDIA compilation path requires some special options. This is
mostly because compilation is dependent on having a valid CUDA
toolchain. We don't actually need the CUDA toolchain to create the
exported `libcgpu.a` library because it's pure LLVM-IR. However, for
some language features we need the PTX version to be set. This is
normally set by checking the CUDA version, but without one installed it
will fail to build. We instead choose a minimum set of features on the
desired target, inferred from
https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html#release-notes
and the PTX refernece for functions like `nanosleep`.

Reviewed By: tianshilei1992

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D148532