Change __auto_type behavior with qualifiers to match GCC behavior

Currently, Clang handles some qualifiers correctly for __auto_type, but
it does not handle the restrict or _Atomic qualifiers in the same way
that GCC does. This patch handles those qualifiers so that they attach
to the deduced type the same as const and volatile already do.

This fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/53652