[Assignment Tracking][3/*] Add DIAssignID metadata boilerplate

The Assignment Tracking debug-info feature is outlined in this RFC:

https://discourse.llvm.org/t/
rfc-assignment-tracking-a-better-way-of-specifying-variable-locations-in-ir

Add the DIAssignID metadata attachment boilerplate. Includes a textual-bitcode
roundtrip test and tests that the verifier and parser catch badly formed IR.

This piece of metadata links together stores (used as an attachment) and the
yet-to-be-added llvm.dbg.assign debug intrinsic (used as an operand).

Reviewed By: jmorse

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D132222