[NFC] [Object] Create library to fetch debug info by build ID.

This creates a library for fetching debug info by build ID, whether
locally or remotely via debuginfod. The functionality was refactored
out of existing code in the Symboliize library. Existing utilities
were refactored to use this library.

Reviewed By: phosek

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D132504