[mlir] Fix TypeID lookup in GDB pretty printers.

The TypeID instance was moved in D89153.

It wasn't caught that it broke MLIR pretty printers because pre-merge checks don't run check-debuginfo.

Avoid disabling all MLIR printers in case this happens again by catching the exception.

Reviewed By: stellaraccident

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D90191