[InstCombine] Add exact flags for ext idiom `shr (shl X, Y), Y` (#72483)

This patch adds exact flags for sext/zext idiom `shr (shl X, Y), Y`.
Alive2: https://alive2.llvm.org/ce/z/xYFpfB

We can generalize it to handle pattern `shr (shl X, Y), Z` with `Y u>=
Z` (e.g., non-splat vectors). But I don't think it's worth the effort.

This missed optimization is discovered with the help of
https://github.com/AliveToolkit/alive2/pull/962.