[NewGVN] Break infinite recursion in singleReachablePHIPath().

We can have cycles between PHIs and this causes singleReachablePhi()
to call itself indefintely (until we run out of stack). The proper
solution would be that of computing SCCs, but it's not worth for
now, so just keep a visited set and give up when we find a cycle.
Thanks to Dan for the discussion/help with this.

Fixes PR33014.

llvm-svn: 303393