[llvm-readelf] Add --extra-sym-info (#65580)

GNU readelf introduced --extra-sym-info/-X to display the section name
for --syms (https://sourceware.org/PR30684). Port the feature, which is
currently llvm-readelf only.

For STO_AARCH64_VARIANT_PCS/STO_RISCV_VARIANT_PCS, the Ndx and Name
columns may not be aligned.