Fix ThinLTO crash with debug info

Because the recent change about ODR type uniquing in the context,
we can reach types defined in another module during IR linking.
This triggered some assertions in case we IR link without starting
from an empty module. To alleviate that, we can self-map metadata
defined in the destination module so that they won't be visited.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D23841

llvm-svn: 280599