[ValueTracking] Interpret GEPs as a series of adds multiplied by the related scaling factor

Prior to this patch, computeKnownBits would only try to deduce trailing zeros
bits for getelementptrs. This patch adds the logic to treat geps as a series
of add * scaling factor.

Thanks to this patch, using a gep or performing an address computation
directly "by hand" (ptrtoint followed by adds and mul followed by inttoptr)
offers the same computeKnownBits information.

Previously, the "by hand" approach would have given more information.

This is related to https://llvm.org/PR47241.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D86364