[mlir] Fix handling of some region branch terminator successors

When `RegionBranchOpInterface::getSuccessorRegions` is called for anything other than the parent op, it expects the operands of the terminator of the source region to be passed, not the operands of the parent op. This was not always respected.

This fixes a bug in integer range inference and ForwardDataFlowSolver and changes `scf.while` to allow narrowing of successors using constant inputs.

Fixes #55873

Reviewed By: mehdi_amini, krzysz00

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D127261