Revert "[sanitizer] Simplify GetTls with dl_iterate_phdr"

This reverts commit 9be8f8b3.
This breaks tsan on Ubuntu 16.04:

    $ cat tiny_race.c
    #include <pthread.h>
    int Global;
    void *Thread1(void *x) {
      Global = 42;
      return x;
    }
    int main() {
      pthread_t t;
      pthread_create(&t, NULL, Thread1, NULL);
      Global = 43;
      pthread_join(t, NULL);
      return Global;
    }
    $ out/gn/bin/clang -fsanitize=thread -g -O1 tiny_race.c --sysroot ~/src/chrome/src/build/linux/debian_sid_amd64-sysroot/
    $ docker run -v $PWD:/foo ubuntu:xenial /foo/a.out
    FATAL: ThreadSanitizer CHECK failed: ../../compiler-rt/lib/tsan/rtl/tsan_platform_linux.cpp:447 "((thr_beg)) >= ((tls_addr))" (0x7fddd76beb80, 0xfffffffffffff980)
        #0 <null> <null> (a.out+0x4960b6)
        #1 <null> <null> (a.out+0x4b677f)
        #2 <null> <null> (a.out+0x49cf94)
        #3 <null> <null> (a.out+0x499bd2)
        #4 <null> <null> (a.out+0x42aaf1)
        #5 <null> <null> (libpthread.so.0+0x76b9)
        #6 <null> <null> (libc.so.6+0x1074dc)

(Get the sysroot from here: https://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/chrome-linux-sysroot/toolchain/500976182686961e34974ea7bdc0a21fca32be06/debian_sid_amd64_sysroot.tar.xz)

Also reverts follow-on commits:
This reverts commit 58c62fd9.
This reverts commit 31e541e3.