[profile] Fix writing binary id into profiles

This patch adds support to read all the PT_NOTE segments in the
executable to find the binary ids. Previously, it was only reading
the first PT_NOTE segment, and this was missing the cases where
binary id is in the following segments. As a result, binary-id.c
and binary-id-padding.c test were failing in the following cases:
1) sanitizer-x86_64-linux bot
   https://lab.llvm.org/staging/#/builders/97
2) OpenSuse Tumbleweed
   https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/52695

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D115830