[OpenMP] Remove shadow pointer map and introduce consistent locking

The shadow pointer map was problematic as we scanned an entire list if
an entry had shadow pointers. The new scheme stores the shadow pointers
inside the entries. This allows easy access without any search. It also
helps us, but also makes it necessary, to define a consistent locking
scheme. The implicit locking of entries via TargetPointerResultTy makes
this pretty effortless, however one has to:

- Lock HDTTMap before locking an entry.
- Do not lock HDTTMap while holding an entry lock.
- Hold the entry lock to read or modify an entry.

The changes to submitData and retrieveData have been made to ensure 2
when the LIBOMPTARGET_INFO flag is used. Most everything else happens by
itself as TargetPointerResultTy acts as a lock_guard for the entry. It
is a little complicated when we deal with multiple entries, especially
as they can be equal. However, one can still follow the rules with
reasonable effort.

LookupResult are now finally also locking the entry before it is
inspected. This is good even if we haven't run into a problem yet.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D123446