[libcxx] [ci] Add CI configurations for MinGW

Mention support for MinGW in the docs. Rename the existing windows
CI jobs to Clang-cl, as both Clang-cl and MinGW are equally much
"Windows", just different toolchain environments.

Add an XFAIL for a recently added test that fails in the MinGW DLL
configuration (with an explanation of what's causing the failure).

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D112215