[clang-tidy] Make `readability-container-data-pointer` more robust

Fixes PR#52245. I've also added a few test cases beyond PR#52245 that would also fail with the current implementation, which is quite brittle in many respects (e.g. it uses the `hasDescendant()` matcher to find the container that is being accessed, which is very easy to trick, as in the example in PR#52245).

I have not been able to reproduce the second issue mentioned in PR#52245 (namely that using the `data()` member function is suggested even for containers that don't have it), but I've added a test case for it to be sure.

Reviewed By: aaron.ballman

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D113863