[ModuleUtils][KCFI] Set patchable-function-prefix for synthesized functions

When -fpatchable-function-entry is used to emit prefix nops
before functions, KCFI assumes all indirectly called functions
have the same number of prefix nops, because the nops are emitted
between the KCFI type hash and the function entry. However, as
patchable-function-prefix is a function attribute set by Clang,
functions later synthesized by LLVM don't inherit this attribute
and end up not having prefix nops. One of these functions
is asan.module_ctor, which the Linux kernel ends up calling
indirectly when KASAN is enabled.

In order to avoid tripping KCFI, save the expected prefix offset
to a module flag, and use it when we're setting KCFI type for the
relevant synthesized functions.

Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1742

Reviewed By: MaskRay

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D141172