[DebugInfo][InstrRef] Add a size operand to DBG_PHI

DBG_PHI instructions can refer to stack slots, to indicate that multiple
values merge together on control flow joins in that slot. This is fine --
however the slot might be merged at a later date with a slot of a different
size. In doing so, we lose information about the size the eliminated PHI.
Later analysis passes have to guess.

Improve this by attaching an optional "bit size" operand to DBG_PHI, which
only gets added for stack slots, to let us know how large a size the value
on the stack is.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D124184