[NFCI] Add StackOffset class and base classes for ElementCount, TypeSize.

This patch adds a linear polynomial base class, called LinearPolyBase, which
serves as a base class for StackOffset. It tries to represent a linear
polynomial like:

  c0 * scale0 + c1 * scale1 + ... + cK * scaleK

where the scale is implicit, meaning that only the coefficients are
encoded.

This patch also adds a univariate linear polynomial, which serves as
a base class for ElementCount and TypeSize. This tries to represent a
linear polynomial where only one dimension can be set at any one time,
i.e. a TypeSize is either fixed-sized, or scalable-sized, but cannot be
a combination of the two.

  class LinearPolyBase
     ^
     |
     +---- class StackOffset  (dimensions = 2 (fixed/scalable), type = int64_t)

  class UnivariateLinearPolyBase
     |
     |
     +---- class LinearPolySize (dimensions = 2 (fixed/scalable))
                  ^
                  |
                  +-------- class ElementCount  (type = unsigned)
                  |
                  |
                  +-------- class TypeSize      (type = uint64_t)

Reviewed By: ctetreau, david-arm

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D88982