[ARM] Fix ARM backend to correctly use atomic expansion routines.

Without this patch, clang would generate calls to __sync_* routines on
targets where it does not make sense; we can't assume the routines exist
on unknown targets. Linux has special implementations of the routines
that work on old ARM targets; other targets have no such routines. In
general, atomics operations which aren't natively supported should go
through libatomic (__atomic_*) APIs, which can support arbitrary atomics
through locks.

ARM targets older than v6, where this patch makes a difference, are rare
in practice, but not completely extinct. See, for example, discussion on
D116088.

This also affects Cortex-M0, but I don't think __sync_* routines
actually exist in any Cortex-M0 libraries. So in practice this just
leads to a slightly different linker error for those cases, I think.

Mechanically, this patch does the following:

- Ensures we run atomic expansion unconditionally; it never makes sense to
completely skip it.
- Fixes getMaxAtomicSizeInBitsSupported() so it returns an appropriate
number on all ARM subtargets.
- Fixes shouldExpandAtomicRMWInIR() and shouldExpandAtomicCmpXchgInIR() to
correctly handle subtargets that don't have atomic instructions.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D120026