[mlir] Don't inline calls from dead SCCs

During iterative inlining of the functions in a multi-step call chain, the
inliner could add the same call operation several times to the worklist, which
led to use-after-free when this op was considered more than once.

Closes #52887.

Reviewed By: wsmoses

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D116820