[gcov] Add spanning tree optimization

gcov is an "Edge Profiling with Edge Counters" application according to
Optimally Profiling and Tracing Programs (1994).

The minimum number of counters necessary is |E|-(|V|-1). The unmeasured edges
form a spanning tree. Both GCC --coverage and clang -fprofile-generate leverage
this optimization. This patch implements the optimization for clang --coverage.
The produced .gcda files are much smaller now.