Apply [[standalone_debug]] to some types in the STL.

Add this attribute to some types to ensure that they have
debug info.
The debug info for these classes are required for debuggers to display
some STL types. With constructor homing (a new debug info optimization)
their debug info isn't emitted because their constructors are never
called.

The list of types with the attribute added are __hash_value_type,
__value_type, __tree_node_base, __tree_node, __hash_node, __list_node,
and __forward_list_node.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D98750