[clang-format] put non-empty catch block on one line with AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: Empty

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/52715

Fixes #52715

`AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine` seems to never be checked for "Empty" as such if its used it will be considered "Always" as we only ever check `AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine != Never`

This impacts C++ as well as C# hence the slightly duplicated test.

Reviewed By: curdeius, jbcoe

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D115794