Fix PR30260 - optional<const T> not working.

This patch fixes PR30260 by using a (void*) cast on the placement argument
to placement new to casts away the const. See also http://llvm.org/PR30260.

As a drive by change this patch also changes the header guard for
<experimental/optional> to _LIBCPP_EXPERIMENTAL_OPTIONAL from _LIBCPP_OPTIONAL.

llvm-svn: 280775