[flang] Add another host-associate test

Verify that a derived type component does not hide a type of the same
name in its host.

Original-commit: flang-compiler/f18@212d84cb2f555ae77fae6b5724266ea894250bd1
Reviewed-on: https://github.com/flang-compiler/f18/pull/167
Tree-same-pre-rewrite: false