[libc++] span: Fix incorrect static asserts

The static asserts in span<T, N>::front() and span<T, N>::back() are
incorrect as they may be triggered from valid code due to evaluation
of a never taken branch:

    span<int, 0> foo;
    if (!foo.empty()) {
        auto x = foo.front();
    }

The problem is that the branch is always evaluated by the compiler,
creating invalid compile errors for span<T, 0>.

Thanks to Michael Schellenberger Costa for the patch.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D71995