[WebAssembly] Implement more WebAssembly binary encoding.

This changes locals from being declared by the emitLocal hook in
WebAssemblyTargetStreamer, rather than with an instruction. After exploring
the infastructure in LLVM more, this seems to make more sense since
declaring locals doesn't use an encoded opcode.

This also adds more 0xd opcodes, type encodings, and miscellaneous
binary encoding bits.

llvm-svn: 285040