[clangd] Refactored threading in ClangdServer

Summary:
We now provide an abstraction of Scheduler that abstracts threading
and resource management in ClangdServer.
No changes to behavior are intended with an exception of changed error
messages.
This patch is preliminary work to allow a revamped threading
implementation that will move the threading code out of CppFile.

Reviewers: sammccall, bkramer, jkorous-apple

Reviewed By: sammccall

Subscribers: hokein, mgorny, hintonda, ioeric, jkorous-apple, cfe-commits, klimek

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D42174

llvm-svn: 323851