[lldb] Refactor OptionValueProperties to return a std::optional (NFC)

Similar to fdbe7c7f, refactor OptionValueProperties to return a
std::optional instead of taking a fail value. This allows the caller to
handle situations where there's no value, instead of being unable to
distinguish between the absence of a value and the value happening the
match the fail value. When a fail value is required,
std::optional::value_or() provides the same functionality.