[mlir] Remove successor operands from the Operation class

Summary:
This revision removes all of the functionality related to successor operands on the core Operation class. This greatly simplifies a lot of handling of operands, as well as successors. For example, DialectConversion no longer needs a special "matchAndRewrite" for branching terminator operations.(Note, the existing method was also broken for operations with variadic successors!!)

This also enables terminator operations to define their own relationships with successor arguments, instead of the hardcoded "pass-through" behavior that exists today.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D75318