[mlir] Update `simplifyRegions` to use RewriterBase for erasure notifications

This allows for notifying callers when operations/blocks get erased, which is especially useful for the greedy pattern driver. The current greedy pattern driver "throws away" all information on constants in the operation folder because it doesn't know if they get erased or not. By passing in RewriterBase, we can directly track this and prevent the need for the pattern driver to rediscover all of the existing constants. In some situations this cuts the compile time of the canonicalizer in half.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D98755