[mlir][Pass] Register a signal handler when generating crash reproducers.

The current implementation uses CrashRecoveryContext, but this only supports recovering in a certain number of cases. This revision adds a signal handler to support even more situations.

This revision was able to properly generate a reproducer for a segfault in the Inliner, that the current recovery couldn't.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D78315