[clang-cl] Alias /Zc:alignedNew[-] to -f[no-]aligned-allocation

Implements PR40180.

clang-cl has one minor behavior difference with cl with this change.
Clang allows the user to enable the C++17 feature of aligned allocation
without enabling all of C++17, but MSVC will not call the aligned
allocation overloads unless -std:c++17 is passed. While our behavior is
technically incompatible, it would require making driver mode specific
changes to match MSVC precisely, and clang's behavior is useful because
it allows people to experiment with new C++17 features individually.
Therefore, I plan to leave it as is.

llvm-svn: 351249