[libc++] Fix visibility of __vector_base_common on GCC

Since we build the library with -fvisibility=hidden, the shared object
wouldn't contain __vector_base_common<true>::__throw_length_error()
and __vector_base_common<true>::__throw_out_of_range(), leading to
link errors. This only happened on GCC for some reason.

https://llvm.org/PR43140

llvm-svn: 370240