[ASan][libc++] Annotating std::deque with all allocators

This patch is part of our efforts to support container annotations with (almost) every allocator.
Annotating std::deque with default allocator is implemented in D132092.

Support in ASan API exests since rG1c5ad6d2c01294a0decde43a88e9c27d7437d157.

The motivation for a research and those changes was a bug, found by Trail of Bits, in a real code where an out-of-bounds read could happen as two strings were compared via a `std::equals` function that took `iter1_begin`, `iter1_end`, `iter2_begin` iterators (with a custom comparison function).
When object `iter1` was longer than `iter2`, read out-of-bounds on `iter2` could happen. Container sanitization would detect it.

If you have any questions, please email:
- advenam.tacet@trailofbits.com
- disconnect3d@trailofbits.com

Reviewed By: #libc, ldionne

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D146815