[flang][driver] Add debug dump options

Add the following options:
* -fdebug-dump-symbols
* -fdebug-dump-parse-tree
* -fdebug-dump-provenance

Summary of changes:
- Add 3 new frontend actions: DebugDumpSymbolsAction, DebugDumpParseTreeAction and DebugDumpProvenanceAction
- Add a unique pointer to the Semantics instance created in PrescanAndSemaAction
- Move fatal semantic error reporting to its own method, FrontendActions#reportFatalSemanticErrors
- Port most tests using `-fdebug-dump-symbols` and `-fdebug-dump-parse-tree` to the new driver if built, otherwise default to f18

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D96716