[libc++] Mark slow tests as unsupported on GCC

Some tests in our test suite are unbelievably slow on GCC due to the
use of the always_inline attribute. See [1] for more details.

This patch introduces the GCC-ALWAYS_INLINE-FIXME lit feature to
disable tests that are plagued by that issue. At the same time, it
moves several existing tests from ad-hoc `UNSUPPORTED: gcc-12` markup
to the new GCC-ALWAYS_INLINE-FIXME feature, and marks the slowest tests
reported by the CI as `UNSUPPORTED: GCC-ALWAYS_INLINE-FIXME`.

[1]: https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-stop-supporting-extern-instantiations-with-gcc/71277/1

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D152736